野战环境下大型飞机超低空气动特性分析

针对野战环境下的大型飞机超低空飞行,采用CFD方法对地面存在前向或横向不对称障碍物时地面效应对气动参数的影响进行了数值分析,包括纵向稳定性和侧向摇晃等问题.研究结果表明,野战等非常规飞行条件下,地面不确定障碍物会造成大型飞机稳定性变差,严重时可能出现纵向点头和横侧向摇晃现象,容易导致触地危险.最后,从现代飞行控制理论角度提出了对常规布局大型飞机进行闭环控制的研究思路.     

简化微小液滴在超声速气流横向喷射中的运动探索

从研究超声速气流中简化液滴(刚性小球)的气动力着手,比较分析使用CFD方法与使用两相流理论中已有的颗粒阻力系数模型得到的简化液滴气动力结果,得出Charles B.Henderson给出的阻力系数经验关系式适用于计算简化液滴在超声速气流中的运动。进一步,对不同直径简化液滴的运动开展工程方法的计算。在来流Ma=2.7的二维平板超声速流场中选取一个截面,作为气相流场,结果显示:(1)简化液滴与主气流存在相对超声速运动,当简化液滴直径dk≤0.12mm时,纵向相对超声速运动区域约为0.15m~0.4m,当dk0.12mm时,作用区域明显增大;(2)以10m/s喷射出的简化液滴,其横向穿透深度与纵向运动距离比约为0.004m/1m~0.021m/1m;(3)以100m/s的速度喷射出的30~120μm直径简化液滴,其横向穿透深度与纵向运动距离比约为0.02m/1m~0.055m/1m,实际过程中,小尺寸简化液滴的汽化很快,其穿透深度很小。     

翼尖装置优化设计研究

使用面元法气动分析软件VSAERO对机翼与翼梢小翼组合体模型进行数值模拟,并采用Steve Smith提出的诱导阻力优化方法对翼梢小翼的定位进行优化设计。结果表明,能够有效地预测出翼梢小翼的最优定位,在翼梢小翼优化设计中具有很好的适用性。     

Refining DORIS atmospheric drag estimation in preparation of ITRF2008

In preparation of ITRF2008, all geodetic technique services (VLBI, SLR, GPS and DORIS) are generating new solutions based on combination of individual analysis centers solutions. These data reprocessing are based on a selection of models, parameterization and estimation strategy unique to each analysis center and to each technique. While a good agreement can be found for models between groups, thanks to the existence of the IERS conventions, a great diversity still exist for parameter estimation, allowing possible future improvements in this direction. The goal of this study is to focus on the atmospheric drag estimation used to generate the new DORIS/IGN ignwd08 time series prepared for ITRF2008. We develop here a method to inter-compare different processing strategies. In a first step, by analyzing single-satellite solutions for a few weeks of data but for a large number of possible analysis strategies, we demonstrate that estimating drag coefficient more frequently (typically every 1–2 h instead of previously every 4–8 h) for the lowest DORIS satellites (SPOTs and Envisat) provides better geodetic results for station coordinates and polar motion. This new processing strategy also solved earlier problem found when processing DORIS data during intense geomagnetic events, such as geomagnetic storms. Differences between drag estimation strategies can mostly be found during these few specific periods of extreme geomagnetic activity (few days per year). In such a case, when drag coefficient is only estimated every 6 h or less often for single-satellite solution, a significant degradation in station coordinate accuracy can be observed (120 mm vs. 20 mm) and significant biases arose in polar motion estimation (5 mas vs. 0.3 mas). In a second step, we reprocessed a full year of DORIS data (2003) in a standard multi-satellite mode. We were able to provide statistics on a more reliable data set and to strengthen these conclusions. Our proposed DORIS analysis is easy to implement in all software packages and is now already used by several analysis centers of the International DORIS Service (IDS) when submitting reprocessed solutions for ITRF2008.     

Stability analysis of an aeroelastic system with friction

In this paper, harmonic balance method, exact formulation and numerical simulation method are adopted to study the effects of different friction stiffness on the stability of 1.5 degrees of freedom aeroelastic system. On this basis, the expressions of input energy and dissipated energy are deduced, and the energy method is used to reveal the mechanisms of the stable boundary and unstable boundary existing in the system and the effects of different friction stiffness on the stability of the system. Studies have shown that the stability region and the critical aerodynamic damping ratio of the system rise with the increase of the friction stiffness, while the friction stiffness has little effect on the stability boundary. In the analysis of the stability of system, the results of harmonic balance method, exact formulation and Newmark of numerical simulation method are in good agreement. Compared with exact formulation and numerical simulation method, the concept and conclusion of harmonic balance method are simple in the system stability analysis.     

水气动量交换的实验研究

在风浪槽中进行水气动量交换实验，测量了不同风速和风区下的波浪及空气湍流流场。测量数据表明水面上风速分布符合对数律，水气界面附近在小范围的动量交换常通量层。阻力系数ＣＤ随风速增加线性增长，随波龄增加而减小。这一趋向与理论分析及外海帝测结果一致。对风浪发展过程中波浪和空气湍流谱结构的分析证明了水气运动的耦合关系。     

扇翼气动特性试验研究

通过对扇翼飞行器采用风洞试验的方法,研究横流风扇在不同风扇转速、来流速度、迎角、前缘开口角和叶片安装角下的升力、阻力和需用功率,得到相关的试验数据,并进行了处理分析。结果表明:风扇转速是影响扇翼升推力的主要因素,不同迎角和来流速度下扇翼的气动特性也不相同,前缘开口角和叶片安装角对扇翼的气动特性影响也比较大。本试验进一步验证了扇翼的工作原理以及获得控制扇翼飞行器升推力的方法,为大尺寸扇翼无人机的设计制作提供技术支撑。     

飞行器纵向非线性动力学建模对稳定性的影响

飞行器的稳定性分析与建立的动力学分析模型密切相关.传统的稳定性分析方法是基于小扰动假设建立线性化模型,当飞行状态中非线性特征明显时,其结果误差会带来多大的影响是人们关心的问题.通过建立飞行动力学非线性模型和气动力非线性模型,采用时间推进方法对两类非线性问题进行了比较系统的研究.数值计算结果表明,飞行动力学非线性模型与线性模型相比,周期增大、幅值减小、衰减率增大;而菲线性气动力模型对周期几乎没有影响,但对幅值有一定的影响.     

某类跨大气层飞行器全航程红外辐射特性分析

针对某类跨大气层飞行器飞行过程中需要进出大气层,且飞行速度跨度大等特点,建立了不同空域、不同飞行速度下的机体头部受热模型。当在大气层内飞行时分别使用经验公式和Lees公式计算马赫数小于5和大于5时头部受热情况,当在大气层外飞行时建立了考虑太阳直射、地球反照和地球红外加热情况下的受热模型。利用普朗克定律得到了相同温度下不同波段的红外辐射能量占比情况。最后利用本文方法对某类跨大气层飞行器进行了温度和红外辐射计算,得到的计算结果能够大致反映全航程头部温度和红外辐射变化情况。     

高温高速气流总焓接触测试法对比分析

发动机尾焰、燃烧加热、电弧加热器等高温高速气流总焓测量存在较大误差,采用结构优化的质量吸入水冷焓探针,标定后的驻点热流和驻点压力探针(Fay-Riddell公式法)对高温高速气流总焓进行了对比测试。结果表明:焓值为2.5~5 MJ/kg时,焓探针的测试误差约为3.38%,采用Fay-Riddell公式法获得焓值的误差约为3%。焓探针与Fay-Riddell公式法平均偏差约为4.65%。在地面模拟试验时采用两种测焓方法确定测试精度,对减小高温高速气流测焓误差,提高试验模拟精度具有积极的作用。